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Arquillian vs Cucumber comparison of testing frameworks
What are the differences between Arquillian and Cucumber?

Arquillian

http://arquillian.org/

Cucumber

https://github.com/cucumber/cucumber-ruby
Programming language

Java

Ruby

Category

Intergration Testing, Functional Testing

Acceptance Testing

General info

Arquillian is an Open source framework for writing Integration and functional tests

Arquilian comes bundled with many extra tools such as Arquillian graphene, Drone and Selenium to write tests to the visual layer as well

An automation tool for Behavior-Driven Development

The specifications are written in plain texts, which allows them to be easily understandable for all stakeholders. Cucumber Framework also supports languages beyond Ruby e.g. Java, JavaScript and Scala.
xUnit
Set of frameworks originating from SUnit (Smalltalk's testing framework). They share similar structure and functionality.

Yes

It is a xUnit framework

No

Client-side
Allows testing code execution on the client, such as a web browser

Yes

You can perform unit tests on front-end components and functionality

Yes

You can test the front-end part like the GUI using cucumber and selenium, they integrate well to test your front-end.
Server-side
Allows testing the bahovior of a server-side code

Yes

You can unit tests on back-end behaviours and functionalities by testing specific back-end classes and functions

Yes

You can test back-end components such as APIs using rest & soap clients, and databases using whatever client libraries were provided by the libraries that existed in those stacks
Fixtures
Allows defining a fixed, specific states of data (fixtures) that are test-local. This ensures specific environment for a single test

Yes

By use of extensions, for example you can use the Persistence extension to set database fixtures

Group fixtures
Allows defining a fixed, specific states of data for a group of tests (group-fixtures). This ensures specific environment for a given group of tests.

Yes

You can define group fixtures

Yes

Using the cucumber extension aruba you can create fixures in two steps: 1.Create a fixtures-directory; 2.Create fixture files in this directory
Generators
Supports data generators for tests. Data generators generate input data for test. The test is then run for each input data produced in this way.

N/A

Yes

You can group your fixtures inside your fixtures directories
Licence
Licence type governing the use and redistribution of the software

Apache License 2.0

MIT License

Mocks
Mocks are objects that simulate the behavior of real objects. Using mocks allows testing some part of the code in isolation (with other parts mocked when needed)

Yes

Arquillian supports mock object functionality you can use third party libraries

Yes

By using all of RSpec’s supported mocking frameworks (RSpec, Mocha, RR, Flexmock)
Grouping
Allows organizing tests in groups

Yes

Arquilian supports grouping of tests

Yes

Cucumber allows the use of tag Cucumber feature files or individual tests to group tests. Then, you can pass a Cucumber tagged expression at test execution that specifies the tag (grouped) tests to run. https://www.toolsqa.com/cucumber/cucumber-tags/
Other
Other useful information about the testing framework