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Arquillian vs RSpec comparison of testing frameworks
What are the differences between Arquillian and RSpec?

Arquillian

http://arquillian.org/

RSpec

https://rspec.info
Programming language

Java

Ruby

Category

Intergration Testing, Functional Testing

Unit Testing, Intergration Testing

General info

Arquillian is an Open source framework for writing Integration and functional tests

Arquilian comes bundled with many extra tools such as Arquillian graphene, Drone and Selenium to write tests to the visual layer as well

Domain Specific Language (DSL) testing solution for Ruby code

It focuses on empowering Test Driven Development (TDD). RSpec contains multiple smaller libraries, which may be independently used with other testing frameworks.
xUnit
Set of frameworks originating from SUnit (Smalltalk's testing framework). They share similar structure and functionality.

Yes

It is a xUnit framework

Yes

Yes, but it differs from more traiditional xUnit solutions. Its tests are written in a "Tests as Specification" manner. This means that the terminology used in RSpec is adjusted to a language more fitting for specification.
Client-side
Allows testing code execution on the client, such as a web browser

Yes

You can perform unit tests on front-end components and functionality

Yes

RSpec is used to primarily test the behaviour of applications or individual components so it can test front-end behaviour as well - you can use capybara gem with RSpec for that.
Server-side
Allows testing the bahovior of a server-side code

Yes

You can unit tests on back-end behaviours and functionalities by testing specific back-end classes and functions

Yes

You can test server-side behaviour with Rspec
Fixtures
Allows defining a fixed, specific states of data (fixtures) that are test-local. This ensures specific environment for a single test

Yes

By use of extensions, for example you can use the Persistence extension to set database fixtures

Yes

RSpec does contain fixture methods
Group fixtures
Allows defining a fixed, specific states of data for a group of tests (group-fixtures). This ensures specific environment for a given group of tests.

Yes

You can define group fixtures

Yes

Group fixture methods are supported
Generators
Supports data generators for tests. Data generators generate input data for test. The test is then run for each input data produced in this way.

N/A

Yes

RSpec contains generators for example intergration_'test_name' which will save a spec inside the spec/requests folder
Licence
Licence type governing the use and redistribution of the software

Apache License 2.0

MIT License

Mocks
Mocks are objects that simulate the behavior of real objects. Using mocks allows testing some part of the code in isolation (with other parts mocked when needed)

Yes

Arquillian supports mock object functionality you can use third party libraries

Yes

Available through rspec-mocks gem.
Grouping
Allows organizing tests in groups

Yes

Arquilian supports grouping of tests

Yes

Allows declaring example groups and contexts.
Other
Other useful information about the testing framework