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Artos vs Cucumber comparison of testing frameworks
What are the differences between Artos and Cucumber?

Artos

https://www.theartos.com/

Cucumber

https://github.com/cucumber/cucumber-ruby
Programming language

Java

Ruby

Category

Functional Testing, End-to-End Testing, Unit Testing

Acceptance Testing

General info

Artos is an opensource BDD testing framework for writing Unit, Intergration and Functional tests

Artos includes pre-configured logging framework and extent reports, utilities to write flow for manual/semi-automated testing and supports BDD testing using cucumber scripts.

An automation tool for Behavior-Driven Development

The specifications are written in plain texts, which allows them to be easily understandable for all stakeholders. Cucumber Framework also supports languages beyond Ruby e.g. Java, JavaScript and Scala.
xUnit
Set of frameworks originating from SUnit (Smalltalk's testing framework). They share similar structure and functionality.

Yes

It is a xUnit style framework

No

Client-side
Allows testing code execution on the client, such as a web browser

Yes

With Artos you can perform unit tests on front-end components

Yes

You can test the front-end part like the GUI using cucumber and selenium, they integrate well to test your front-end.
Server-side
Allows testing the bahovior of a server-side code

Yes

You can unit test server side behaviours and functionalities by testing specific back-end classes and functions

Yes

You can test back-end components such as APIs using rest & soap clients, and databases using whatever client libraries were provided by the libraries that existed in those stacks
Fixtures
Allows defining a fixed, specific states of data (fixtures) that are test-local. This ensures specific environment for a single test

N/A

Group fixtures
Allows defining a fixed, specific states of data for a group of tests (group-fixtures). This ensures specific environment for a given group of tests.

N/A

Yes

Using the cucumber extension aruba you can create fixures in two steps: 1.Create a fixtures-directory; 2.Create fixture files in this directory
Generators
Supports data generators for tests. Data generators generate input data for test. The test is then run for each input data produced in this way.

N/A

Yes

You can group your fixtures inside your fixtures directories
Licence
Licence type governing the use and redistribution of the software

MIT License

MIT License

Mocks
Mocks are objects that simulate the behavior of real objects. Using mocks allows testing some part of the code in isolation (with other parts mocked when needed)

You can use a third party library like mockito

Yes

By using all of RSpec’s supported mocking frameworks (RSpec, Mocha, RR, Flexmock)
Grouping
Allows organizing tests in groups

Yes

Artos allows creation of test suites and they are run by use of a test script

Yes

Cucumber allows the use of tag Cucumber feature files or individual tests to group tests. Then, you can pass a Cucumber tagged expression at test execution that specifies the tag (grouped) tests to run. https://www.toolsqa.com/cucumber/cucumber-tags/
Other
Other useful information about the testing framework