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Concordion vs Shoulda comparison of testing frameworks
What are the differences between Concordion and Shoulda?

Concordion

https://concordion.org/

Shoulda

https://github.com/thoughtbot/shoulda
Programming language

Java

Ruby

Category

General info

Concordion is a tool used to write and manage automated acceptance tests in Java based projects

Concordion specifications are written in Markdown, HTML or Excel and then instrumented with special links, attributes or comments respectively. When the corresponding test fixture class is run, Concordion interprets the instrumentation to execute the test. Concordion lets you write them in normal language using paragraphs, tables and proper punctuation. This makes specification more natural to read and write, and helps everyone to understand and agree about what a feature is supposed to do.

Meta gem containing Shoulda Context and Shoulda Matchers

Shoulda contains two other gems: Should Context and Shoulda Matchers. Should Context allows better naming and grouping of your tests. Shoulda Matchers provides a set of "matchers", i.e. methods that allow you to write much more concise assertions.
xUnit
Set of frameworks originating from SUnit (Smalltalk's testing framework). They share similar structure and functionality.

No

No

Client-side
Allows testing code execution on the client, such as a web browser

Yes

You can specify tests for front-end components and functionality with concordion

N/A

Server-side
Allows testing the bahovior of a server-side code

Yes

You can test server-side components and functionality with concordion.

N/A

Fixtures
Allows defining a fixed, specific states of data (fixtures) that are test-local. This ensures specific environment for a single test

Yes

Concordion contains fixtures which correspond to a specific instrumentation within the code. That is when specifications are written they are instrumented with special links, attributes or comments which are then run with their corresponding fixtures

N/A

Group fixtures
Allows defining a fixed, specific states of data for a group of tests (group-fixtures). This ensures specific environment for a given group of tests.

Yes

One can group fixtures in concordion

N/A

Generators
Supports data generators for tests. Data generators generate input data for test. The test is then run for each input data produced in this way.

N/A

N/A

Licence
Licence type governing the use and redistribution of the software

Apache License 2.0

MIT License

Mocks
Mocks are objects that simulate the behavior of real objects. Using mocks allows testing some part of the code in isolation (with other parts mocked when needed)

Yes

By use of third party libraries like mockito

N/A

Grouping
Allows organizing tests in groups

Yes

One can group tests into suites

Yes

Other
Other useful information about the testing framework

Shoulda Context is compatible with Minitest and Test::Unit. Shoulda Matchers is compatible with RSpec and Minitest.