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PHPUnit vs go test/testing comparison of testing frameworks
What are the differences between PHPUnit and go test/testing?

PHPUnit

https://phpunit.de/

go test/testing

https://golang.org/pkg/testing/
Programming language

PHP

Go

Category

Unit Testing

Unit Testing

General info

PHPUnit is a unit testing framework for the PHP programming language

PHPUnit is a programmer-oriented testing framework and is an instance of the xUnit architecture for unit testing frameworks.

go test is an inbuilt tool/command for conducting automated tests in Golang while testing is the inbuilt testing library

Testing is the package that is shipped with go and combines with the go test command to provide a minimal but complete testing experience
xUnit
Set of frameworks originating from SUnit (Smalltalk's testing framework). They share similar structure and functionality.

Yes

It's an instance of the xUnit architecture for unit testing frameworks

No

However there are Plugins such as https://github.com/tebeka/go2xunitto convert the output of Go testing library into xUnit format
Client-side
Allows testing code execution on the client, such as a web browser

Yes

It can perform Unit tests and can test various front-end components and behaviours

Yes

Yes it can be used effectively for front-end testing
Server-side
Allows testing the bahovior of a server-side code

Yes

By performing unit tests on singular back-end components

Yes

Yes, it is used by developers for end-to-end testing so the back-end can be tested easily as well
Fixtures
Allows defining a fixed, specific states of data (fixtures) that are test-local. This ensures specific environment for a single test

Yes

By use of a setup code. The setup code consists of two Important template functions, the 'setUp()' function (called to create the objects to be tested) and 'tearDown()' function (called to cleanup the objects which you tested)

Yes

Yes it's straightforward in that first when you run 'go test' for packages in the scope the test will be executed with its working directory set to the source directory of the package being tested. Second the 'go test' tool will ignore any directory in your $GOPATH that starts with the word 'testdata' , starts with a period or an underscore
Group fixtures
Allows defining a fixed, specific states of data for a group of tests (group-fixtures). This ensures specific environment for a given group of tests.

Yes

It does support group fixtures

Yes

Group fixtures can be done following a similar procedure as a single fixture
Generators
Supports data generators for tests. Data generators generate input data for test. The test is then run for each input data produced in this way.

N/A

Yes

They are available by importing a package called 'gotests' (https://github.com/cweill/gotests)
Licence
Licence type governing the use and redistribution of the software

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License

MIT License

Mocks
Mocks are objects that simulate the behavior of real objects. Using mocks allows testing some part of the code in isolation (with other parts mocked when needed)

Yes

One of its main features is that PHPUnit comes with out of the box support for Mock objects

Yes

By use of a third party library GoMock which intergrates well with the testing library
Grouping
Allows organizing tests in groups

Yes

It allows grouping of tests and by using the @group annotation one can tag a test to belong to one or more groups

Yes

The short answer is yes, by use of table tests which are a great way of performing multiple I/O tests on a function or behaviour with minimal code
Other
Other useful information about the testing framework