Playwright vs TestNG comparison of testing frameworks
What are the differences between Playwright and TestNG?

	Playwright https://playwright.dev	TestNG https://testng.org/doc/documentation-main.html
Programming language	JavaScript	Java
Category	End-to-End Testing	Unit Testing, Intergration Testing, End-to-End Testing
General info	Test across all modern browsers. Use in your preferred language. Single API to automate Chromium, Firefox and WebKit. Use the Playwright API in JavaScript & TypeScript, Python, .NET and, Java.	TestNG is a testing framework for the Java programming language inspired by JUnit and NUnit TestNG is similar to JUnit and NUnit but with newer functionalities such as: annotations, test that your code is multithread safe, flexible test configuration, support for data-driven testing (with @DataProvider), support for parameters, powerful execution model (no more TestSuite) and more... It's also designed to cover all categories of tests unit, functional, end-to-end, intergration... etc
xUnit Set of frameworks originating from SUnit (Smalltalk's testing framework). They share similar structure and functionality.	Yes While using xUnit is supported, it does not support running parallel tests. https://playwright.dev/dotnet/docs/test-runners/#xunit-support	No
Client-side Allows testing code execution on the client, such as a web browser	Yes Test on Chromium, Firefox and WebKit. Playwright has full API coverage for all modern browsers, including Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge (with Chromium), Apple Safari (with WebKit) and Mozilla Firefox. Cross-platform WebKit testing. With Playwright, test how your app behaves in Apple Safari with WebKit builds for Windows, Linux and macOS. Test locally and on CI. Test for mobile. Use device emulation to test your responsive web apps in mobile web browsers. Headless and headed. Playwright supports headless (without browser UI) and headed (with browser UI) modes for all browsers and all platforms. Headed is great for debugging, and headless is faster and suited for CI/cloud executions.	Yes The scope of testing with testNg is wide and you can test various front-end functionalities and behaviours with it
Server-side Allows testing the bahovior of a server-side code	Yes While running tests inside browsers you may want to make calls to the HTTP API of your application. It may be helpful if you need to prepare server state before running a test or to check some postconditions on the server after performing some actions in the browser. All of that could be achieved via APIRequestContext methods.	Yes You can test server-side functionalities and behaviours with TestNg
Fixtures Allows defining a fixed, specific states of data (fixtures) that are test-local. This ensures specific environment for a single test	Yes Playwright Test is based on the concept of the test fixtures. Test fixtures are used to establish environment for each test, giving the test everything it needs and nothing else. Test fixtures are isolated between tests, which gives Playwright Test following benefits: Playwright Test runs tests in parallel by default, making your test suite much faster; Playwright Test can efficiently retry the flaky failures, instead of re-running the whole suite; You can group tests based on their meaning, instead of their common setup. Learn more at https://playwright.dev/docs/test-fixtures	Yes Fixtures are inbuilt into testNG, these are the annotations which are: @BeforeSuite, @AfterSuite, @BeforeTest, @AfterTest, @BeforeGroups, @AfterGroups, @BeforeClass, @AfterClass, @BeforeMethod, @AfterMethod
Group fixtures Allows defining a fixed, specific states of data for a group of tests (group-fixtures). This ensures specific environment for a given group of tests.	Yes You can group tests based on their meaning, instead of their common setup.	Yes You can use various fixtures to setup environments for group tests
Generators Supports data generators for tests. Data generators generate input data for test. The test is then run for each input data produced in this way.	Yes Playwright comes with the ability to generate tests out of the box. Generate tests; Preserve authenticated state; Record using custom setup; Emulate devices; Emulate color scheme and viewport size; Emulate geolocation, language and timezone. Learn more at https://playwright.dev/docs/codegen/	N/A
Licence Licence type governing the use and redistribution of the software	Apache License 2.0	Apache License 2.0
Mocks Mocks are objects that simulate the behavior of real objects. Using mocks allows testing some part of the code in isolation (with other parts mocked when needed)	Yes Playwright introduces context-wide network interception to stub and mock network requests. You can mock API endpoints via handling the network quests in your Playwright script. Learn more at https://playwright.dev/docs/network/#handle-requests	Yes By Use of an external library like mockit which intergrates well with testNG
Grouping Allows organizing tests in groups	Yes You can group tests to give them a logical name or to scope before/after hooks to the group.	Yes Multiple test cases can be grouped more easily by converting them into testng.xml file, in which you can make priorities which test case should be executed first
Other Other useful information about the testing framework	You can use the Playwright API in JavaScript & TypeScript, Python, .NET and, Java.