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Robot Framework vs XCTest comparison of testing frameworks
What are the differences between Robot Framework and XCTest?

Robot Framework

https://robotframework.org/

XCTest

https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xctest
Programming language

Python

Swift

Category

Acceptance Testing

Unit Testing, Performance Testing

General info

Robot is a Python framework used for acceptance/functional testing

Robot is an automated test framework which has a simple plain text syntax and can be extended easily with Python or Java libraries. It can run on the .net-based IronPython and on Jython which is Java based.

XCTest is the default testing framework for unit tests, performance tests, and some level of UI tests for iOS apps.

XCTest framework is a testing framework that enables developers write basic unit tests, performance tests, and some level of UI tests for iOS apps.
xUnit
Set of frameworks originating from SUnit (Smalltalk's testing framework). They share similar structure and functionality.

No

Yes

Yes, it is an xUnit style framework
Client-side
Allows testing code execution on the client, such as a web browser

Yes

Robot has a rich library and can also be easily integrated with Selenium for browser automation to test front-end components

Yes

Developers can test individual front-end components with XCTest
Server-side
Allows testing the bahovior of a server-side code

Yes

Robot can be used for back-end tests as well

Yes

Yes, developers can test individual back-end components with XCTest
Fixtures
Allows defining a fixed, specific states of data (fixtures) that are test-local. This ensures specific environment for a single test

There is no inbuilt way to work with fixtures in Robot however it can integrate with unittest and use fixtures that way

Yes

XCTest contains setup() and teardown() fixture methods for setting up and destroying test environments
Group fixtures
Allows defining a fixed, specific states of data for a group of tests (group-fixtures). This ensures specific environment for a given group of tests.

By integrating with unittest

Yes

Group fixtures are available in XCTest
Generators
Supports data generators for tests. Data generators generate input data for test. The test is then run for each input data produced in this way.

Yes

Robot has a library called the Robot Framework Faker library. It contains 147 keywords used for generating random test data

N/A

Licence
Licence type governing the use and redistribution of the software

Apache License 2.0

Apache License 2.0

Mocks
Mocks are objects that simulate the behavior of real objects. Using mocks allows testing some part of the code in isolation (with other parts mocked when needed)

Yes

Robot can access Python's mock library for mocking

Yes

You can create protocol mocks and class mocks with libraries such as MockFive or Cuckoo
Grouping
Allows organizing tests in groups

Yes

One can create a test suite with Robot

Yes

Developers can define test suites from the XCTestSuite class
Other
Other useful information about the testing framework