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Selenium vs Shoulda comparison of testing frameworks
What are the differences between Selenium and Shoulda?

Selenium

https://pypi.org/project/selenium/

Shoulda

https://github.com/thoughtbot/shoulda
Programming language

Python

Ruby

Category

Web Automation

General info

Selenium is an open source tool used to test web applications

Selenium is a powerful testing tool which can send standard Python commands to different browsers, despite variations in browser design. It also provides extensions to emulate user interaction with browsers, a distribution server for scaling browser allocation, and the infrastructure for implementations of the W3C WebDriver specification that lets you write interchangeable code for all major web browsers

Meta gem containing Shoulda Context and Shoulda Matchers

Shoulda contains two other gems: Should Context and Shoulda Matchers. Should Context allows better naming and grouping of your tests. Shoulda Matchers provides a set of "matchers", i.e. methods that allow you to write much more concise assertions.
xUnit
Set of frameworks originating from SUnit (Smalltalk's testing framework). They share similar structure and functionality.

No

No

Client-side
Allows testing code execution on the client, such as a web browser

Yes

It is primarily a browser automation tool which tests front-end components and functionality

N/A

Server-side
Allows testing the bahovior of a server-side code

Yes

It can perform Unit tests and can test various components and behaviours in the backend using a BDD or TDD approach

N/A

Fixtures
Allows defining a fixed, specific states of data (fixtures) that are test-local. This ensures specific environment for a single test

Yes

By writing your Selenium WebDriver tests in PyTest, this gives you access to Pytest's powerful fixture model

N/A

Group fixtures
Allows defining a fixed, specific states of data for a group of tests (group-fixtures). This ensures specific environment for a given group of tests.

Yes

One can group fixtures if accessing Pytest's fixture model

N/A

Generators
Supports data generators for tests. Data generators generate input data for test. The test is then run for each input data produced in this way.

Yes

By using a library such as Faker or Fake-factory

N/A

Licence
Licence type governing the use and redistribution of the software

Apache License 2.0

MIT License

Mocks
Mocks are objects that simulate the behavior of real objects. Using mocks allows testing some part of the code in isolation (with other parts mocked when needed)

Yes

It includes support for mocking

N/A

Grouping
Allows organizing tests in groups

Yes

By using the TestNG feature with which we can create groups and maintain them easily

Yes

Other
Other useful information about the testing framework

Shoulda Context is compatible with Minitest and Test::Unit. Shoulda Matchers is compatible with RSpec and Minitest.